跟着热剧《梦华录》看宋代人的服装时尚

时间:2022-07-21 15:00:35阅读:98985
  《梦华录》大热,漂亮的服装和布景让许多人迷上了宋代的美学。里面的服装是否当年宋代人穿着的原貌?宋代人买衣服,也像现代人那样逛商场吗?记者采访了主研中国传统服饰复原及新中式服装设

  《梦华录》大热,漂亮的服装和布景让许多人迷上了宋代的美学。里面的服装是否当年宋代人穿着的原貌?宋代人买衣服,也像现代人那样逛商场吗?记者采访了主研中国传统服饰复原及新中式服装设计研究方向,曾以《四大美人》系列汉服获广东时装周最佳汉服设计奖的广东职业技术学院服装学院专任老师陈一然,请她为我们一一解说。

整体上符合宋代的服饰制度与审美特征

很多观众觉得《梦华录》的服装相当漂亮得体,那么它们是否还原了北宋时期的服装样式和细节呢?

陈一然说,从剧中服饰的细节可以侧面印证剧组对服饰复原做了大量的研究和设计,服饰设计整体上符合宋代的服饰制度与审美特征。

比如,剧中赵盼儿、孙三娘、宋引章三人在钱塘时期的造型充满了宋代的市井气息,交领窄袖衫子搭配齐腰褶裙是经典的宋代妇女常服穿搭;而到了半遮面茶馆的时期,三人穿搭上多了一条披帛,这种穿搭方式在宋代非常流行,也与名画《韩熙载夜宴图》中的仕女形象吻合;赵盼儿与池蟠合开永安楼后,由于掌柜身份的转变,此时所穿的服饰上添加了刺绣、印花等工艺,更加符合角色的变化。

宋代女装穿搭层次丰富堪称历史之最

陈一然说,宋代可以说是传统服饰审美中艺术造诣最高的时代。经历了秦汉时期的庄严肃穆、大唐时期的雍容华贵,宋代的服饰审美整体崇尚简约精致的风尚。北宋时期,妇女的服饰已经从唐代的齐胸襦裙逐渐将裙子高度下移,以齐腰襦裙的形制居多,廓形上整体以H型为主。

“这一时期整体服饰给人更多的是温柔婉约的气质,但抹胸、袴等外穿也是时代服饰亮点之一”,她介绍,“宋代的下装形制也是历代之最,这时的女性仅下裳的选择就有两破裙、两片裙、三裥裙、百迭裙等,裤装则有褌、袴、裆等。上衣形制以对襟、交领两种领型为主,但服饰的衣长袖型多有变化,总体形制多达几十上百种。所以宋代女性服饰在穿搭层次丰富上堪称历史之最,几十上百种的款式形制能搭配出多种多样的服装款式效果。”

陈一然表示,宋代服饰温柔婉约、气质典雅的整体风格是传统服饰历史上独特气质的存在。“宋”在今天也并不只是代表一个朝代,更是一种艺术史上特殊的美学符号,宋代的极简美学与当代艺术十分契合。

宋人量体裁衣做衣服

宋人的衣服料子都有哪些呢?陈一然介绍,古代纺织材料主要以棉毛丝麻四大天然纤维为主,每类还有细分,比如我们常说的绫罗绸缎其实分别是不同丝织品的名字,除此之外还有绢、纱、绮、锦、缂等,可分为14大类、35小类。

《梦华录》中,杜长风让孙三娘带着去店里选衣服,出来后孙三娘说:你的尺寸他们都记下了,以后再做衣服就不用亲自去店里,找人跟店里说一声就行了。陈一然介绍说,宋代一般布行或者绣庄都有裁缝,可以根据客户选定的面料或者工艺进行量体裁衣。富贵之家一般都有自己的制衣裁缝,或者是布行裁缝上门提供量体裁衣的服务。为皇帝或者后妃、皇子们制衣,则是由皇宫内的内侍省完成。

就产业而言,宋代的纺织业与印染业在隋唐五代的基础上继续发展,并取得了新的重要成就。宋代市镇大量涌现,非农业人口大量增加,社会分工更加细密,因而不仅从事纺织与印染的专业人员队伍扩大,而且有利于技术的改进。除了民间的丝织作坊以外,宋代官府设有文思院、绫锦院、裁造院、内染院、文绣院等机构。洛阳、真定等地均有大规模的丝织作坊。南宋时,在全国出现了苏州、杭州和成都三大锦院,各有织机数百,而民间的丝织业,从北宋全国每年赋税和上贡绮、罗、绫、绢、施、纱、绸和十色匹帛曾高达355万余匹的情况来看,并不比官营丝织业逊色多少。

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